Improvement in machines for milling and cutting metals



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MOSES G WILDER OF VEST MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENTIN MACHINES FOR MILLINGANDCUTTNG METALS.

Speciticaiion formingl part of Letters Patent No. 36.744, dated October 2l, 1862.

' hereby declare that the following is a f ull, clear,

and exact description lof the construction, character, and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,which make part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the mav chine as seen from the left hand and front, showing the cuttershaft, main spindle, &c. Fig. 2 is a perspective View of the same as viewed from the right hand and front, showing the cutter-shaft and main spindle in a different position, also the rack and pin usedinv `cutting spirals, and the index. Fig. 3 is a section of the right-hand or movable portion, cut vertically through the center of the several parts when the main spindle is in a vertical position, showing the relative position of the several adjustable parts. Fig. 4 is a perspective View of apart or xture to be attached (when an eXtra male or female center is needed to sustain the article being wrought) to the front bearing of the main spindle by screws entering the holes t in Figs.`1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a perspective View of a vise, which may be attached, when convenience requires, by dropping the dowel on the under surface into the hole o, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in the upper surface of the sliding bedI.

My improvement consists in so constructing and arranging the several parts of the machine that I am able to cut any form or grade (either regular or'variable) of spiral or bevel on any article, or any portion of any article, as I may desire, by the use of the rack and pinion, or

racks -and pinions, in connection withthe bevel gear-wheels and index and the swiveling or revolving and rotating motions of the main spindle,'and theuse of the adjustingscrews at rightangles,.or otherwise, to be Worked by hand, bands, or gearing in the usual way, or otherwise.

I make the main bed frame .or platform of cast-iron or any other suitable material, ofthe cross or T shape, substantially as represented at A. and B, Figs. 1 and 2, or in any other convenient form.

I make the upright orstandard for support-A ing the carrier of the cutter shaft or holder of cast-iron or any other suitable material, of the form shown at C, Figs. l and 2, and attach it Shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or in any other suitable or con venient way, so as to render it readily and accurately adjustable horizontallythat is, from front to rear--bymeansof an adjusting screw, as shown at c, Figs. l and 2, in the usual Way.

I make the sliding carrier of the cutterholder of-cast-iron or any other suitable material, and fit it to slide vertically on the standard C, substantially as represented at D, Figs. 1 and 2, with suitable projections or lugs to serve as bearings for the cutter-shaft, as shown at el and d, Figs. 1 and 2, and I adjust this sliding carrier vertically by means of an adjusting-screw, e, Figs. l and 2.

I make the cutter shaft or holder Il of steel or any other suitable material, in the usual way or otherwise, and fit it for rotating in its bearings el and d, or to be'uscd in any other" `may be swiveled or revolved (a complete revolution) horizontally on the center II, Fig. 3, which center is held. in its place by conical points of screws working in a V- shaped groove .(shown at g g, Fig. 3) extending around the periphery. On the 4revoluble ways G, I iit another slide or sliding bed, I, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, connected with the Ways G by grooves and tongues or ribs, as shown at h, Figs. 1, 2, and

l3, and may be ladjusted horizontally by the .adjnsting-screwj, Figs. l, 2, and 3, or by any other convenient means. Vith this bed I is connected (or castin one piece withit) an upright or standard, as shown at K, Figs. l, 2, and 3, which supports the main spindle M, bevel gear-Wheels k and Z, index-plate vN and its appurtenances, pinion P, and one end of the rack R. I make the main spindle M of steel or any other suitable material, of the usual form, as

shown in Figs. l and 2, and in longitudinal section in Fig. 3, suited to receive the end of a material to be wrought, or a suitable chuck to hold the material. On the back end of this main spindle I secure the graduated indexplate N by means of a pin, as shown in section at m, Fig. 3, or by any other suitable means. The radius or arm a of this index, which carries or sustains the spring hand or point o, (by which the graduated plate is Sesecured at the desired adjustment,) is immovably attached to one end of the sleeve p of the bevel gear-wheel k, and is revolved with itin cutting spirals of all kinds.

The bevel gear-wheel 7c is revolved by the bevel gear-wheel Z, the arbor q of which passes through the center or journal S, Fig. 3, (on which the main spindle, 85o., revolve vertically,) and holds the pinion I), on which the rack R works, so that when the sliding bed I (by means of the screw j) is moved toward or from the slotted upright T the rack It will revolve the pinion l?, which, by means of the bevel gear-wheels Z and 7a, will revolve the index-plate N, with its appurtenances, and also the main spindle M, so as to give a combined rotary and rectilinear motion to the spindle and the material being wrought by the cutter, and'will thereby produce aspiral or helical cut-as a screw, for instance.

The bearings of the main spindle M are secured to the upright K by means of a center or journal, as shown in section at S, Fig. 3, and two screws, the heads of which move in a circular slot in the upright K,

(shown in section at rand'r, Fig. 3,) andby nuts on the outer ends, one of which is shown at s, Fig. l, and the other is opposite, so as to allow the main spindle and its appurtenances a complete vertical revolution, so that it may bc used in the position shown in Figs. l and 3, or in Fig. 2, or in any intermediate position, as the nature of the work may require or render convenient. The main spindle and its appurtenances being' thus susceptible of a complete revolution both horizontally and vertically, combined with its two rectilinear motions and its rotary mot-ion on its own axis, (by means of the rack and pinion and bevel gear-wheels) may be put in every desired relative position with the cutter, however that maybe used.

To cut opposite spirals-as right' hand screws and left-hand screws-I have only to reverse the position of the rack R-for right-hand, put it below the pinion P, as in Fig. l, and for left-hand put itabove, as in Fig. 2; and to vary the pitch of the thread the stud lof the rear end of the rack R may be raised or lowered in the slot in the upright T, so as to change the relative extent of the right motion to the revolution. This upright Tis made separate fromA the machine itself, butmay be attached to it, when required, by means of screws or otherwise or the rack may be curved and have the teeth on the convex surface for one pitch and on the concave surface for another; or for variable pitches the :curve lof the rack may vary gradually, as desired, or

may be a part curved in one direction, part straight, and another part curved in the op- -posite direction tothe first; or one or more pinions or wheels may be put on studs on the u pright T, and one or more pinions or wheels in connection with the pinion P, so as to vary the proportions at will by substituting one rack for another or others, and by using one or more pinions of the proper size, Snc. All the rectilinear motion may be given by gearwheels or bands, or by hand, as is found most convenient and accurate in each particular case. f

I make the stock WV of t-he part or fixture, Fig. 4, of cast-iron or any other suitable material, on which I fit a slide, t, which carries an extra or dead center,w, so that when an extra center is needed to support the material being wroughtlthis stock W may be attached to the front bearing of the main spindle M by means of screws entering holes at t, Figs. 1, 2, and 4.

I am aware that the supporting apparatus of the main spindle has been so connected with the platform as to allow of its being swiveled or rotated both :horizontally and vertically to some extent, and that racks and pinions have long been used to convert a rectilinear into a rotary motion. I therefore do not claim either of these, as such; but

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of the main spindle M with the revoluble ways G, when so constructed and arranged as to allow the spindle to revolve -through a complete circle both horizontally and vertically, and the whole is constructed, arranged, and made to operate substantially as herein described.

2. The combination of the main'spindle M with the cutter-holder E when so constructed and arranged that the article being wrought may be placed by it in every position and at every angle with the cutter, substantially as herein described.

3. The combination ofthe cutter-stock with the revoluble and rotating spindle and adas that the center shall remain concentric with the spindle during the whole operation.

MOSES G. WILDER.

Vitnesses:

S. THOMPSON, R. FITZGERALD. 

